Verb tables

Jack B. Martin

Verb tables

1 Commands

wvnvyvs!: tie it!
wvnvyepvs!: you may tie it / please tie it
wvnvyvks!: you (pl.) tie it!
wvnahyetskvs: don’t you tie it!
wvnvyetskekot: don’t tie it (softer)
wvnvyvkēs: let’s tie it
wvnvyekvs: let him/her tie him/her
wvnvyvkekvs: let him/her tie them
wvnahyin omekvs: first let me tie him/her
wvnvyvn os: just tie it
wvnvyepvn os: go ahead and tie it
wvnvyvccvs: you should / must / shall tie it
wvnvyekot owvccvs: you shall not tie it
wvnvyvkvccvs: you (pl.) must tie it
wvnahyēskos: one should not tie it / it can’t be tied

2 Present

2.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)

wvnayis: I am tying it
wvnayetskes: you are tying it
wvnayes: he/she is tying it
wvnayēs: we are tying it
wvnayatskes: you (pl.) are tying it
wvnvyakes: they are tying it

Periphrastic (older forms):

wvnayet omis: I am tying it
wvnayet ometskes: you are tying it
wvnayet omes: he/she is tying it
wvnayet omēs: we are tying it
wvnayet omatskes: you (pl.) are tying it
wvnvyaket omes: they are tying it

Periphrastic (modern forms):

wvnayet owis: I am tying it
wvnayet ontskes: you are tying it
wvnayet os: he/she is tying it
wvnayet owēs: we are tying it
wvnayet owatskes: you (pl.) are tying it
wvnvyaket os: they are tying it

2.2 Question in -v

wvnayvyv?: am I tying it?
wvnayetskv?: are you tying it?
wvnayv?: is he/she tying it?
wvnayeyv?: are we tying it?
wvnayatskv?: are you (pl.) tying it?
wvnvyakv?: are they tying it?

Periphrastic (older forms):

wvnayet omvyv?: am I tying it?
wvnayet ometskv?: are you tying it?
wvnayet omv?: is he/she tying it?
wvnayet omeyv?: are we tying it?
wvnayet omatskv?: are you (pl.) tying it?
wvnvyaket omv?: are they tying it?

Periphrastic (modern forms):

wvnayet owvyv′?: am I tying it?
wvnayet ontskv?: are you tying it?
wvnayet owv?: is he/she tying it?
wvnayet oweyv?: are we tying it?
wvnayet owatskv?: are you (pl.) tying it?
wvnvyaket owv?: are they tying it?

2.3 Negative statement

wvnvyvkos: I am not tying it, haven’t tied it
wvnvyetskekos: you are not tying it, haven’t tied it
wvnvyekos: he/she isn’t tying it, hasn’t tied it
wvnvyēkos: we are tying it, haven’t tied it
wvnvyatskekos: you (pl.) aren’t tying it, haven’t tied it
wvnvyvkekos: they aren’t tying it, haven’t tied it

Periphrastic (older forms):

wvnvyvkot omes: I am not tying it
wvnvyetskekot omes: you are not tying it
wvnvyekot omes: he/she is not tying it
wvnvyēkot omes: we are not tying it
wvnvyatskekot omes: you (pl.) are not tying it
wvnvyvkekot omes: they are not tying it

2.4 Negative question

wvnvyvko?: aren’t I tying it?
wvnvyetskeko?: aren’t you tying it?
wvnvyeko?: isn’t he/she tying it?
wvnvyēko?: aren’t we tying it?
wvnvyatskeko?: aren’t you (pl.) tying it?
wvnvyvkeko?: aren’t they tying it?

Periphrastic (older forms):

wvnvyvkot omv?: am I not tying it?

2.5 Durative eventive

wvnayvyēs: I can tie it / I tie it
wvnayetskēs: you can tie it / you tie it
wvnayēs: he/she can tie it / he/she ties it
wvnayeyēs: we can tie it / we tie it
wvnayatskēs: you (pl.) can tie it / you (pl.) tie it
wvnvyakēs: they can tie it / they tie it

2.6 Negative durative

wvnahyvkos: I would not be able to tie it

3 Past 1 (today up to last night)

3.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)

wvnahyis: I tied it (today/last night)
wvnahyetskes: you tied it (today/last night)
wvnahyes: he/she tied it (today/last night)
wvnahyēs: we tied it (today/last night)
wvnahyatskes: you (pl.) tied it (today/last night)
wvnvyvhkes: they tied it (today/last night)

3.2 Question in -v

wvnahyvyv?: did I tie it (today/last night)?
wvnahyetskv?: did you tie it (today/last night)?
wvnahyv?: did he/she tie it (today/last night)?
wvnahyeyv?: did we tie it (today/last night)?
wvnahyatskv?: did you (pl.) tie it (today/last night)?
wvnvyvhkv?: did they tie it (today/last night)?

3.3 Imperfective

wvnayvyis: I was tying it (today/last night)
wvnayetskis: you were tying it (today/last night)

Periphrastic (older forms):

wvnayet omvyis: I was tying it (today/last night)

3.4 Negative statement

wvnvyvkis: I didn’t tie it (today/last night)
wvnvyetskekis: you didn’t tie it (today/last night)
wvnvyekis: he/she didn’t tie it (today/last night)
wvnvyēkis: we didn’t tie it (today/last night)
wvnvyatskekis: you (pl.) didn’t tie it (today/last night)
wvnvyvkekis: they didn’t tie it (today/last night)

Periphrastic (older forms):

wvnvyvkot ohmes: I didn’t tie it (today/last night)
wvnvyetskekot ohmes: you didn’t tie it (today/last night)
wvnvyekot ohmes: he/she didn’t tie it (today/last night)
wvnvyēkot ohmes: we didn’t tie it (today/last night)
wvnvyatskekot ohmes: you (pl.) didn’t tie it (today/last night)
wvnvyvkekot ohmes: they didn’t tie it (today/last night)

3.5 Negative question in -v

wvnvyvkisv?: didn’t I tie it (today/last night)?
wvnvyetskisv?: didn’t you tie it (today/last night)?
wvnvyekisv?: didn’t he/she tie it (today/last night)?
wvnvyēkisv?: didn’t we tie it (today/last night)?
wvnvyatskekisv?: didn’t you (pl.) tie it (today/last night)?
wvnvyvkekisv?: didn’t they tie it (today/last night)?

4 Past 2 (yesterday to several weeks ago)

4.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)

wvnayvyvnks: I tied it
wvnayetskvnks: you tied it
wvnayvnks: he/she tied it
wvnayeyvnks: we tied it
wvnayatskvnks: you (pl.) tied it
wvnvyakvnks: they tied it

Periphrastic (older forms):

wvnayet omvyvnks: I tied it
wvnayet ometskvnks: you tied it
wvnayet omvnks: he/she tied it
wvnayet omeyvnks: we tied it
wvnayet omatskvnks: you (pl.) tied it
wvnvyaket omvnks: they tied it

4.2 Question in -v

wvnayvyvnkv?: did I tie it?
wvnayetskvnkv?: did you tie it?
wvnayvnkv?: did he/she tie it?
wvnayeyvnkv?: did we tie it?
wvnayatskvnkv?: did you (pl.) tie it?
wvnvyakvnkv?: did they tie it?

Periphrastic (older forms):

wvnayet omvyvnkv?: did I tie it?

4.3 Negative statement

wvnvyvkvnks: I didn’t tie it
wvnvyetskekvnks: you didn’t tie it
wvnvyekvnks: he/she didn’t tie it
wvnvyēkvnks: we didn’t tie it
wvnvyatskekvnks: you (pl.) didn’t tie it
wvnvyvkekvnks: they didn’t tie it

Periphrastic (older forms):

wvnvyvkot omvnks: I didn’t tie it
wvnvyetskekot omvnks: you didn’t tie it
wvnvyekot omvnks: he/she didn’t tie it
wvnvyēkot omvnks: we didn’t tie it
wvnvyatskekot omvnks: you (pl.) didn’t tie it
wvnvyvkekot omvnks: they didn’t tie it

4.4 Negative question in -v

wvnvyvkvnkv?: didn’t I tie it?

Periphrastic (older forms):

wvnvyvkot omvnkv?: didn’t I tie it?

5 Past 3 (from two weeks to about a year ago)

5.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)

wvnayimvts: I tied it
wvnayetskemvts: you tied it
wvnayemvts: he/she tied it
wvnayēmvts: we tied it
wvnayatskemvts: you (pl.) tied it
wvnvyakemvts: they tied it

Periphrastic (older forms):

wvnayet omimvts: I tied it
wvnayet ometskemvts: you tied it
wvnayet omemvts: he/she tied it
wvnayet omēmvts: we tied it
wvnayet omatskemvts: you (pl.) tied it
wvnvyaket omemvts: they tied it

5.2 Imperfective

wvnayimvts: I was tying it

5.3 Question

wvnayimvte?: did I tie it?
wvnayetskemvte?: did you tie it?
wvnayemvte?: did he/she tie it?
wvnayēmvte?: did we tie it?
wvnayatskemvte?: did you (pl.) tie it?
wvnvyakemvte?: did they tie it?

5.4 Negative statement

wvnvyvkomvts: I didn’t tie it
wvnvyetskekomvts: you didn’t tie it
wvnvyekomvts: he/she didn’t tie it
wvnvyēkomvts: we didn’t tie it
wvnvyatskekomvts: you (pl.) didn’t tie it
?wvnvyvkekomvts: they didn’t tie it

Periphrastic (older forms):

wvnvyvkot omemvts: I didn’t tie it

5.5 Negative question

wvnvyvkomvte′: didn’t I tie it?

6 Past 4

6.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)

wvnayvyvnt(v)s: I tied it (long ago)
wvnayetskvnt(v)s: you tied it (long ago)
wvnayvnt(v)s: he/she tied it (long ago)
wvnayeyvnt(v)s: we tied it (long ago)
wvnayatskvnt(v)s: you (pl.) tied it (long ago)
wvnvyakvnt(v)s: they tied it (long ago)

Periphrastic (older forms):

wvnayet omvyvnt(v)s: I tied it (long ago)
wvnayet ometskvnt(v)s: you tied it (long ago)
wvnayet omvnt(v)s: he/she tied it (long ago)
wvnayet omeyvnt(v)s: we tied it (long ago)
wvnayet omatskvnt(v)s: you (pl.) tied it (long ago)
wvnvyaket omvnt(v)s: they tied it (long ago)

6.2 Question

wvnayvyvntv?: did I tie it (long ago)?
wvnayetskvntv?: did you tie it (long ago)?
wvnayvntv?: did he/she tie it (long ago)?

6.3 Negative statement

wvnvyvkvnt(v)s: I didn’t tie it (long ago)

7 Past 5

7.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)

wvnayvyvtēs: I tied it (very long ago)
wvnayetskvtēs: you tied it (very long ago)
wvnayvtēs: he/she tied it (very long ago)
wvnayeyvtēs: we tied it (very long ago)
wvnayatskvtēs: you (pl.) tied it (very long ago)
wvnvyakvtēs: they tied it (very long ago)

Periphrastic (older forms):

wvnayet omvyvtēs: I tied it (very long ago)
wvnayet ometskvtēs: you tied it (very long ago)
wvnayet omvtēs: he/she tied it (very long ago)
wvnayet omeyvtēs: we tied it (very long ago)
wvnayet omatskvtēs: you (pl.) tied it (very long ago)
wvnvyaket omvtēs: they tied it (very long ago)

7.2 Question

wvnayvtēte?: did he/she tie it (very long ago)?

7.3 Negative statement

wvnvyekatēs: he/she didn’t tie it (very long ago)

8 Prospective

8.1 Statement (with agreement or plural agreement)

wvnvyvhanis: I am going to tie it
wvnvyvhanetskes: you are going to tie it
wvnvyvhanes: he/she is going to tie it
wvnvyvhanēs: we are going to tie it
wvnvyvhanatskes: you (pl.) are going to tie it
wvnvyvkvhanes: they are going to tie it

Periphrastic (older forms):

wvnvyvhanet omis: I am going to tie it
wvnvyvhanet ometskes: you are going to tie it
wvnvyvhanet omes: he/she is going to tie it
wvnvyvhanet omēs: we are going to tie it
wvnvyvhanet omatskes: you (pl.) are going to tie it
wvnvyvkvhanet omes: they are going to tie it

8.2 Question in -v

wvnvyvhanv?: is he/she going to tie it?

8.3 Negative statement

wvnvyvhanek(o)s: he/she is not going to tie it

9 Future

9.1 Statement (with agreement or plural agreement)

wvnvyarēs: I will tie it
wvnvyetskvrēs: you will tie it
wvnvyvrēs: he/she will tie it
wvnvyeyvrēs: we will tie it
wvnvyatskvrēs: you (pl.) will tie it
wvnvyvkvrēs: they will tie it

9.2 Question

wvnvyarēte?: will I tie it?

9.3 Negative statement

wvnvyvkarēs: I will not tie it

10 Patient prefixes (resent statement form)

cvwvnayes: he/she is tying me
cewvnayes: he/she is tying you
wvnayes: he/she is tying him/her
powvnawices: he/she is tying us
wvnawices: he/she is tying them

11 Reflexive, reciprocal (present statement form)

11.1 Reflexive

ēwvnayis: I am tying myself
ēwvnayetskes: you are tying yourself
ēwvnayes: he is tying himself / she is tying herself
ēwvnayēs: we are tying ourselves
ēwvnayatskes: you (pl.) are tying yourselves
ēwvnvyakes: they are tying themselves

11.2 Reciprocal

etewvnayēs: we are tying each other
etewvnayatskes: you (pl.) are tying each other
etewvnvyakes: they are tying each other

12 Dative prefixes (present statement form)

vnwvnayes: he/she is tying it for me
cenwvnayes: he/she is tying it for you
enwvnayes: he/she is tying it for him/her
ponwvnayes: he/she is tying it for us

13 Instrumental, locative (present statement form)

eswvnayes: he/she is tying it with it
(e)svwvnayes: he/she is tying it to (a post, chair) with it
(e)sohwvnayes: he/she is tying it on with it
(e)stvkwvnayes: he/she is tying it to (the floor) with it
(e)svkwvnayes: he/she is tying it with it (in water)

14 Auxiliary forms

14.1 ‘might, can probably’

wvnayē witvyēs: I can probably tie it
wvnayetskē witēs: you can probably tie it
wvnayē witēs: he/she can probably tie it
wvnayē witeyēs: we can probably tie it
wvnayatskē witēs: you (pl.) can probably tie it
wvnvyakē witēs: they can probably tie it

14.2 ‘able, can’

wvnvyvyē tayēs: I will be able to tie it
wvnvyetskē tayēs: you will be able to tie it
wvnvyē tayēs: he/she will be able to tie it
wvnvyeyē tayēs: we will be able to tie it
wvnvyatskē tayēs: you (pl.) will be able to tie it
wvnvyvkē tayēs: they will be able to tie it

14.3 ‘finish’

wvnayē pohyis: I finished tying it (past 1)
wvnayē pohyetskes: you finished tying it
wvnayē pohyes: he/she finished tying it (past 1)
wvnayē pohyēs: we finished tying it
wvnayē pohyatskes: you (pl.) finished tying it
wvnayē poyvhkes: they finished tying it

14.4 ‘keep doing’

wvnayē mahis: I keep tying it
wvnayē mahetskes: you keep tying it
wvnayē mahes: he/she keeps tying it
wvnayē mahēs: we keep tying it
wvnayē mahatskes: you (pl.) keep tying it
wvnayē mahakes: they keep tying it

14.5 ‘keep doing, still’

wvnayvyē monkvnks: I was still tying it
wvnayetskē monkvnks: you were still tying it
wvnayē monkvnks: he/she was still tying it
wvnayeyē monkvnks: we were still tying it
wvnayatskē monkvnks: you (pl.) were still tying it
wvnvyakē monkvnks: they were still tying it

14.6 Negative experimential

wvnvyvyvt(ē)sekot os: I have never tied it
wvnvyetskvt(ē)sekot os: you have never tied it
wvnvyvt(ē)sekot os: he/she has never tied it
wvnvyeyvt(ē)sekot os: we have never tied it
wvnvyatskvt(ē)sekot os: you (pl.) have never tied it
wvnvyvkvt(ē)sekot os: they have never tied it

15 Modality

15.1 ‘almost’, past 1 perfective

wvnahyvhohkis: I almost tied it (today/last night)
wvnahyvhohketskes: you almost tied it (today/last night)
wvnahyvhohkes: he/she almost tied it (today/last night)
wvnahyvhohkēs: we almost tied it (today/last night)
wvnahyvhohkatskes: you (pl.) almost tied it (today/last night)
wvnvyahkvhohkes: they almost tied it (today/last night)

15.2 ‘accidentally’

wvnvyehpvyvttis: I accidentally tied it
wvnvyehpetskvttis: you accidentally tied it
wvnvyehpvttis: he/she accidentally tied it
wvnvyehpeyvttis: we accidentally tied it
wvnvyehpatskvttis: you (pl.) accidentally tied it
wvnvyvkehpvttis: they accidentally tied it

15.3 ‘just about to’

wvnvyvhąnusvyēt os: I am just about to tie it
wvnvyvhąnusetskēt os: you are just about to tie it
wvnvyvhąnusēt os: he/she is just about to tie it
wvnvyvhąnuseyēt os: we are just about to tie it
wvnvyvhąnusatskēt os: you (pl.) are just about to tie it
wvnvyvkvhąnusēt os: they are just about to tie it

15.4 Inference

wvnayvcoks: he/she is tying it (unseen)
wvnvyekacoks: he/she is not tying it (unseen)

16 Chained forms

16.1 Same-subject

wvnahyit: I tied it and then (did something)
wvnahyetsket: you tied it and then (did something)
wvnahyet: he/she tied it and then (did something)
wvnahyēt: we tied it and then (did something)
wvnahyatsket: you (pl.) tied it and then (did something)
wvnvyahket: they tied it and then (did something)

16.2 Different-subject

wvnahyin: I tied it and then (someone else did something)
wvnahyetsken: you tied it and then (someone else did something)
wvnahyen: he/she tied it and then (someone else did something)
wvnahyēn: we tied it and then (someone else did something)
wvnahyatsken: you (pl.) tied it and then (someone else did something)
wvnvyahken: they tied it and then (someone else did something)

17 Adverbial clause forms

17.1 ‘if’

wvnayin omat: if I tie it
wvnayetsken omat: if you tie it
wvnayen omat: if he/she ties it
wvnayēn omat: if we tie it
wvnayatsken omat: if you (pl.) tie it
wvnvyaken omat: if they tie it

17.2 ‘when’

wvnayvyof: when I tie it
wvnayetskof: when you tie it
wvnayof: when he/she ties it
wvnayeyof: when we tie it
wvnayatskof: when you (pl.) tie it
wvnvyakof: when they tie it

17.3 ‘after’

wvnahyvyof

after I tie it / after I tied it
wvnahyetskof: after you tie it
wvnahyof: after he/she ties it
wvnahyeyof: after we tie it
wvnahyatskof: after you (pl.) tie it

17.4 ‘before’

wvnvyvko monken: before I tie it
wvnvyetskeko monken: before you tie it
wvnvyeko monken: before he/she ties it
wvnvyēko monken: before we tie it
wvnvyatskeko monken: before you (pl.) tie it
wvnvyvkeko monken: before they tie it

17.5 ‘so, because’

wvnayikv: I’m tying it, so . . .
wvnayetskekv: you’re tying it, so . . .
wvnayekv: he/she is tying it, so . . .
wvnayēkv: we are tying it, so . . .
wvnayatskekv: you (pl.) are tying it, so . . .
wvnvyakekv: they are tying it, so . . .

17.6 ‘even though’

wvnayvyisen: even though I tie it
wvnayetskisen: even though you tie it
wvnayisen: even though he/she ties it
wvnayeyisen: even though we tie it
wvnayatskisen: even though you (pl.) tie it
wvnvyakisen: even though they tie it

18 Present definite modifying forms (‘the one that’)

(nake) wvnayvyat(e): (the thing) that I’m tying
(nake) wvnayetskat(e): (the thing) that you are tying
(nake) wvnayat(e): (the thing) that he/she is tying
(nake) wvnayeyat(e): (the thing) that we are tying
(nake) wvnvyakat(e): (the thing) that they are tying

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1 Commands

2 Present

2.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)

2.2 Question in -v

2.3 Negative statement

2.4 Negative question

2.5 Durative eventive

2.6 Negative durative

3 Past 1 (today up to last night)

3.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)

3.2 Question in -v

3.3 Imperfective

3.4 Negative statement

3.5 Negative question in -v

4 Past 2 (yesterday to several weeks ago)

4.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)

4.2 Question in -v

4.3 Negative statement

4.4 Negative question in -v

5 Past 3 (from two weeks to about a year ago)

5.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)

5.2 Imperfective

5.3 Question

5.4 Negative statement

5.5 Negative question

6 Past 4

6.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)

6.2 Question

6.3 Negative statement

7 Past 5

7.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)

7.2 Question

7.3 Negative statement

8 Prospective

8.1 Statement (with agreement or plural agreement)

8.2 Question in -v

8.3 Negative statement

9 Future

9.1 Statement (with agreement or plural agreement)

9.2 Question

9.3 Negative statement

10 Patient prefixes (resent statement form)

11 Reflexive, reciprocal (present statement form)

11.1 Reflexive

11.2 Reciprocal

12 Dative prefixes (present statement form)

13 Instrumental, locative (present statement form)

14 Auxiliary forms

14.1 ‘might, can probably’

14.2 ‘able, can’

14.3 ‘finish’

14.4 ‘keep doing’

14.5 ‘keep doing, still’

14.6 Negative experimential

15 Modality

15.1 ‘almost’, past 1 perfective

15.2 ‘accidentally’

15.3 ‘just about to’

15.4 Inference

16 Chained forms

16.1 Same-subject

16.2 Different-subject

17 Adverbial clause forms

17.1 ‘if’

17.2 ‘when’

17.3 ‘after’

17.4 ‘before’

17.5 ‘so, because’

17.6 ‘even though’

18 Present definite modifying forms (‘the one that’)

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