Attributions

Cover Picture

Photo by Elisabeth Arnold; Child running at the beach at sunset (Free to use under Unsplash license.)

Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Development

Child and Adolescent Development

Portions of What is Human Development? is from The Whole Child: Development in the Early Years. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-alike.

Figure 1.1 Embryo is by lunar caustic, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Figure 1.2 Siblings is in the Public Domain, CC0

Figure 1.3 Early Childhood is by Chrofit the man to call on Pexels, where photos and videos on can be downloaded and used for free.

Figure 1.4 Middle Childhood is by Vanessa Loring on Pexels, where photos and videos on can be downloaded and used for free.

Figure 1.5 Adolescence by to Shezykhan1, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Video 1.1 Some Kind of Connection is from The Royal Ocean Film Society with a standard YouTube license

Domains of Development

Figure 1.6 Little Boy Climbing is by Yan Krukau on Pexels, where photos and videos on can be downloaded and used for free.

Figure 1.7 Child playing chess is by Kampus Production on Pexels, where photos and videos on can be downloaded and used for free.

Figure 1.8 Children playing is by cottonbrostudio on Pexels, where photos and videos on can be downloaded and used for free.

Video 1.2 Domains in Development is from Prof Newton with a standard YouTube license.

Key Issues in Human Development

Figure 1.9 The difference between continuous and stage-like development is from Issues in Lifespan Development Copyright © 2022 by Martha Lally; Suzanne Valentine-French; and Dinesh Ramoo is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Video 1.3 Teaching Introductory Psychology – Continuity versus Discontinuity is from Sara Sohr-Oreston with a standard YouTube license.

Video 1.4 Sensitive vs Critical Periods of Learning is from Andrew Scot with a standard YouTube license.

Video 1.5 Gene environment interaction is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

The Forbidden Experiment

Video 1.6 4 Horrific Cases of Feral Children is from Cryptic Reality with a standard YouTube license.

Video 1.7 Today In History: Genie The Feral Child Rescued is from That Was History with a standard YouTbue license.

Contextual Influences on Development

Figure 1.10 is by Cmglee is licensed under a CC BY-SA (Attribution ShareAlike) license

The section on Resiliency is from Human Development Copyright © 2020 by Human Development Teaching & Learning Group is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Video 1.8 Coping Coping with Early Adversity and Mitigating its Effects is from the Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare under a standard YouTube license.

The last three paragraphs of Culture is adapted from The Whole Child: Development in the Early Years. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-alike.

Chapter 2: Psychological Research

Introduction to Psychological Research Methods

The Descriptive Research Section is from Research Methods Copyright © 2022 by Martha Lally; Suzanne Valentine-French; and Dinesh Ramoo is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method section is from General Psychology Copyright © by OpenStax and Lumen Learning, and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 2.1 The Scientific Method is from Wikimedia Commons

Video 2.1 The Scientific Method and Psychology is from abeager under a Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

Figure 2.2 is from Wikimedia Commons. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License

Portions of the Basic Principles of the Scientific Method that cover statistics significance and effect size are adapted from Research Methods in Psychology. Copyright © 2019 by Rajiv S. Jhangiani, Carrie Cuttler, and Dana C. Leighton. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Video 2.2. Qualitative and Quantitative Research – An Introduction from to Tine Juhl. Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

Basic and Applied Research

The Basic and Applied Research section is from The Canadian Handbook for Careers in Psychological Science Copyright © 2019 by The Authors is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Reliability and Validity

Video 2.3 is by J. Scott Branson, Ph.D. Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

Descriptive Research

The Descriptive Research Section is from Research Methods Copyright © 2022 by Martha Lally; Suzanne Valentine-French; and Dinesh Ramoo is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Figure 2.3 Recording data is an important factor for research methods is by Scott Graham is licensed under a Public Domain license

Figure 2.4 Teen with EEG Cap is by Cullen College on Flickr Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic

Correlational Research

Figure 2.5 Positive and Negative Correlations © Dinesh Ramoo is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA (Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike) license

Video 2.4 Correlation and Causality is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

The example on ice cream sales and crime rates is from General Psychology Copyright © by OpenStax and Lumen Learning is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Experimental Research

Video 2.5 Introduction to Experimental Design is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Developmental Research Designs

Figure 2.6 A Cross sectional © Dinesh Ramoo is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA (Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike) license

Figure 2.7 A Longitudinal Study © Dinesh Ramoo is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA (Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike) license

Figure 2.8 Sequential Research © Dinesh Ramoo is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA (Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike) license

Challenges Conducting Developmental Research

Figure 2.9 is attributed to Krisztina V. Jakobsen. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

The Replication of Findings: The Replication Crisis was adapted from NOBA Projects’ module on The Replication Crisis in Psychology under a CC BY-NC-SA (Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike) license

Chapter 3: Developmental Theories

Introduction to Developmental Theories

Figure 3.1 is from Wikimedia Commons. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic

Understanding Theories

Figure 3.2 is by Brian Brondel at English Wikibooks. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic

Figure 3.3 is by ArchonMagnus, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Psychodynamic Approach

Video 3.1 Psychoanalytic Theory is from Khan Academy. Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share-Alike

Figure 3.4 Erik Erikson is by Erikson Institute, CC BY-SA 4.0

Video 3.2 Erikson’s Psychosocial Development is from Khan Academy. Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share-Alike

Behavioral Approach

Figure 3.5 Ivan Pavlov is in the public domain.

Video 3.3 Classical Conditioning is from Sprouts. Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

Figure 3.6 Watson Little Albert is by David Webb on flickr. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

Figure 3.7 is by Raulelgreco. CC BY SA 4.0

Video 3.4 Operant Conditioning is from Sprouts. Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

Video 3.5 Bandura Social Cognitive Theory is from Sprouts. Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

Cognitive Approach

Figure 3.8 Jean Piaget is by mirjoran on flickr. Attribution (CC BY 2.0)

Video 3.6 is from Khan Academy Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share-Alike

Content in the Dynamic Systems box is from Lifespan Development. Copyright © 2024 by Diana Riser, Rose Spielman, David Biek through OpenStax. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

Contextual Approach

Figure 3.9 Lev Vygotsky is in the public domain.

Video 3.7 Vygotsky’s sociocultural development is from Khan Academy Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share-Alike

Figure 3.10 Zone of Proximal Development is by Sketchplanations Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Video 3.8 Scaffolding is from Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority. Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

Video 3.9 Bronfenbrenner is from Sprouts. Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

Figure 3.11 Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model is by Lopezmarielys via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0

Evolutionary Approach

Video 3.10 Evolution and Human Culture is from Khan Academy Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share-Alike

Chapter 4: Genes and Environment

Heredity and Chromosomes

The section about Natural Selection and Evolution is adapted from Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience. Copyright © 2026 Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.

Video 1 Heritability is from Khan Academy Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share-Alike

Video 4.2 Fertilization is attributed to is from Khan Academy Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share-Alike

Figure 4.1 Punnett Square is from Human Biology – Excerpts for BBIO 053 Copyright © 2020 by Christine Miller is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License,

Video 4.3 Meiosis: Where the Sex Starts is from CrashCourse.

Video 4.4 An Introduction to Mendelian Genetics is from Khan Academy Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share-Alike

Figure 4.2 is by YassineMrabet, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Behavioral Genetics

Figure 4.3 Les Twins is by Shawn Welling, CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons

Video 4.5 Twin studies and adoption studies is from Khan Academy Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share-Alike

Content in the Behavior Genetics: Schizophrenia box is from Child and Adolescent Psychology. CC license: Attribution.

The Interaction of Genes and Environment

Discussion of range of reaction under The Interaction of Genes and Environment is from Child and Adolescent Psychology. CC license: Attribution.

Figure 4.4 Epigenetic modifications to DNA and the first paragraph of the Epigenetics section are from Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience. Copyright © 2026 Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.

The second paragraph of Epigenetics is from Child and Adolescent Psychology. CC license: Attribution.

Discussion of passive genotype-environment correlation under How do genes shape the environment? is from Lifespan Development: A Psychological Perspective. CC license: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-alike and Lifespan Development Copyright © 2024 by Jennifer Ounjian is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License,

Video 4.4 Epigenetics with Neil Degrasse Tyson is from PBS series NOVA Science NOW. July 1, 2007. Backup link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LcaRTDsLmiA

Chapter 5: Prenatal Development

Introduction to Prenatal Development

Video 5.1 From Conception to Birth is by Alexander Tsiaras TED  Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0

Stages of Prenatal Development

Figure 5.1 Fertilization is from Concepts of Biology – 1st Canadian Edition Copyright © 2015 by Charles Molnar and Jane Gair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

The second paragraph under The Embryonic Period (Weeks 3-8) about organogenesis is from The Whole Child: Development in the Early Years. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-alike.

Figure 5.2.1 Support Structures is from Anatomy & Physiology 2nd Ed (2025). by Lindsay M. Biga, Staci Bronson, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Kristen Oja, Devon Quick, Jon Runyeon, and OpenStax. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Figure 5.2.2 Human embryo is by lunar caustic is licensed under CC BY 2.0

Figure 5.3 Fetal stage is from Psychology (2nd edition) is licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Video 5.2 Prenatal development: What babies learn in the womb is from Sprouts Creative Commons (CC) Attribution-NonCommercial (BY-NC)

Environmental Risks to Prenatal Development

Figure 5.4 Critical Periods of Prenatal Development is from Laura Overstreet is licensed under CC BY 4.0 BY:Attribution

Teratogens: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Illicit Drugs

The section on Alcohol is adapted from Infant and Child Development: From Conception Through Late Childhood Copyright © by Marie Parnes and Maria Pagano is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Figure 5.5 Mouse facial abnormalities is Copyright © 2020 Almeida, Andreu-Fernández, Navarro-Tapia, Aras-López, Serra-Delgado, Martínez, García-Algar and Gómez-Roig. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).

Video 5.3 NOFAS Topics: Light Drinking is from FASD United (Formerly NOFAS) under a general YouTube license.

The section on Tobacco and Illicit Drugs is adapted from Infant and Child Development: From Conception Through Late Childhood Copyright © by Marie Parnes and Maria Pagano is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Figure 5.6 Photo of baby with FAS is attributed to Teresa Kellerman Copyright © 2021 through Wikimedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

Teratogens: Chemical Pollutants

The section on Chemical Pollutants is adapted from Infant and Child Development: From Conception Through Late Childhood Copyright © by Marie Parnes and Maria Pagano is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Parental Factors

The section on Maternal Factors and Table 5.1 Maternal infections and potential effects is adapted from Infant and Child Development: From Conception Through Late Childhood Copyright © by Marie Parnes and Maria Pagano is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The section on Paternal Factors is adapted from Infant and Child Development: From Conception Through Late Childhood Copyright © by Marie Parnes and Maria Pagano is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Chromosomal Abnormalities

The section on Chromosomal Abnormalities and Table 5.2 Autosomal Chromosome Disorders are from Chromosomal Abnormalities Copyright © 2022 by Martha Lally; Suzanne Valentine-French; and Dinesh Ramoo is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The Process of Delivery

The section on Onset of Labor is from Infant and Child Development: From Conception Through Late Childhood Copyright © by Marie Parnes and Maria Pagano is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Figure 5.6 The Stages of Childbirth is from Anatomy and Physioloigy (2nd edition) on OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 3.0

The information about episiotomies is from Infant and Child Development: From Conception Through Late Childhood Copyright © by Marie Parnes and Maria Pagano is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The information about C-section recovery is from Infant and Child Development: From Conception Through Late Childhood Copyright © by Marie Parnes and Maria Pagano is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Figure 5.7 A baby being delivered by C-section is by Patricia Prudente on Unsplash and is free to use under the Unsplash License

Video 5.4 Labor (Parturition) is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Video 5.5 Labor is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Approaches to Childbirth

The Approaches to Childbirth subsection is from Infant and Child Development: From Conception Through Late Childhood Copyright © by Marie Parnes and Maria Pagano is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Figure 5.8 Couple in baby class is by Senior Airman Krystal Ardrey. Provided by: U.S. Air Force. License: Public Domain: No Known Copyright

Complications of Pregnancy and Childbirth

Figure 5.9 Pregnant woman is by SHVETS Production on Pexels, where photos and videos on can be downloaded and used for free.

Video 5.6 Pregnancy related death is by UMMCVideos. Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

Newborn Assessment and Risk

The section on Assessing the Newborn is from Infant and Child Development: From Conception Through Late Childhood Copyright © by Marie Parnes and Maria Pagano is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Figure 5.10 Apgar Scoring is by Event Medicine Group. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Video 5.7 Apgar score is by Wisc-Online. Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

Figure 5.11 is from PublicDomainPictures Copyright © 2013 under Wikimedia Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.

The Premature Birth section is adapted from Lifespan Development. Copyright © 2024 by Diana Riser, Rose Spielman, David Biek through OpenStax. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

Postnatal and Postpartum Care

This section is from Lifespan Development. Copyright © 2024 by Diana Riser, Rose Spielman, David Biek through OpenStax. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

Chapter 6: Physical Development

Physical Development

Figure 6.1 is adapted from Human development neoteny body and head proportions pedomorphy maturation aging growth.png: Ephertderivative work: User:Clusternote, CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

Video 6.1 Physical development in adolescence is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Sexual Development

Video 6.2 What Happens When? is from PPGNYAction with a standard YouTube license

Immunizations

The Immunizations section is from The Whole Child: Development in the Early Years. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-alike.

Video 6.3 Vaccines and the Autism Myth is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Brain Development

Video 6.4 The Neuron is from Two-Minute Neuroscience, ©2025 Neuroscientifically Challenged

Video 6.5 Myelin is from Two-Minute Neuroscience, ©2025 Neuroscientifically Challenged

Video 6.6 Synaptic Pruning is by ©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.

Video 6.7 Long term potentiation and synaptic plasticity is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Video 6.8 Brain Plasticity – The Story of Jody is by Streetwisdom Billy, Streetwisdom Unplugged©

The paragraphs on experience-expectant and experience-dependent-plasticity are from to Amanda Taintor, Todd LaMarr, Wendy Ruiz, Martina Marquez, Emily Elam, Amy Carnahan, and Adrienne Seegers ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative under a mixed 4.0 license.

Figure 6.3 Lobes of the Brain is from MIT OpenCourseWare’s photo, licensed as Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike

Video 6.9 Lobes and landmarks is from Two-Minute Neuroscience, ©2025 Neuroscientifically Challenged

Video 6.10 is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Sensory and Motor Development

A portion of the Touch section is adapted from Lifespan Development. Copyright © 2024 by Diana Riser, Rose Spielman, David Biek through OpenStax. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

The Multimodal Perception section is from Lifespan Development. Copyright © 2024 by Diana Riser, Rose Spielman, David Biek through OpenStax. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

Video 6.11 Neonatal Reflexes is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

A portion of the first paragraph under Major Motor Milestones is from The Whole Child: Development in the Early Years. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-alike.

The section on the Visual cliff is from Lifespan Development: The Human Journey Copyright © 2024 by Humber College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Video 6.13 Visual cliff is from SciFri with a standard YouTube license.

Sleep

Video 6.13 Why Schools Should Start Later for Teens is presented by Wendy Troxel and is from TED © TED Conferences, LLC. All rights reserved.

Nutrition

The section on Infant Formula is from Introduction to Nutrition and Wellness Copyright © 2022 by Janet Colson; Sandra Poirier; and Yvonne Dadson is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License,

Figure 6.4 Kwashiorkor and Marasmus is from https://www.myupchar.com/en, CC BY-SA 4.0  via Wikimedia Commons

Figure 6.5 Kids playing baseketball is by King of the Vegetables’s, CC BY 2.0

Video 6.14 Eating Disorders is from MedLecturesMadeEasy Standard YouTube license

Chapter 7: Cognitive Development

Constructivist Theories

The section on Constructivist Theories is from Child Psychology Copyright © 2021 by Nicole Arduini-Van Hoose is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Introduction to Piaget’s Theory

Video 7.1 Schemas, Assimilation, and Accommodation is attributed to Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Video 7.2 Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development is attributed to Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage

Video 7.3 Sensorimotor Stage of Development is from Social Science Explainer with a standard YouTube license.

Video 7.4 Object permanence is by Denise Domizi under a Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

Figure 7.1 Pretend Play is by Ermalfaro, CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons

Piaget’s Preoperational Sttage

Video 7.5 Preoperational Stage of Development is from Social Science Explainer with a standard YouTube license.

Video 7.6 Conservation Concept is from Professor Ross with a standard YouTube license

Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage

Video 7.7 Concrete Operation Stage of Development is from Social Science Explainer with a standard YouTube license.

Figure 7.2 Education in Iraq is by Aaron D. Snipe, flickr is licensed under CC BY 2.0

Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage

Video 7.8 Formal Operational Stage of Development is from Social Science Explainer with a standard YouTube license.

Video 7.9 Deductive Reasoning is from Fi3021 with a standard YouTube license

Criticisms of Piaget’s Theory

This page was adapted from Lifespan Development. Copyright © 2024 by Diana Riser, Rose Spielman, David Biek through OpenStax. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development

The section on Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development is from Lifespan Human Development: A Topical Approach Copyright © 2023 by Meredith Palm is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Video 7.10 Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development in Social Relationships is from Sprouts under a Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

The Importance of Interaction: Best Practices Regarding Screen Time was adapted from Lifespan Development. Copyright © 2024 by Diana Riser, Rose Spielman, David Biek through OpenStax. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

Information Processing Theories: Attention

Video 7.11 Attention is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Video 7.12 Theories of Selective Attention is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

The section on Sustained Attention is adapted from Middle Childhood and Adolescent Psychology Copyright © 2025 by Qiushan Liu is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Video 7.13 The Spotlight Model of Attention and Our Ability to Multitask is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Information Processing Theories: Memory

Video 7.14 Encoding Strategies is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Video 7.15 Information Processing Model: Sensory, Working, and Long Term Memory is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Figure 7.3 The Multi-store Model is by Jens Himmelrath (Uploader of original file was Kurzon at en.wikipedia), CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

Figure 7.4 Series of Numbers is by Krisztina V. Jakobsen, CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Video 7.16 Retrieval Cues is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Video 7.17 Free Recall, Cued Recall, and Recognition is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Information Processing Theories: Higher Order Thinking

Portions of this page were adapted from Lifespan Development. Copyright © 2024 by Diana Riser, Rose Spielman, David Biek through OpenStax. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

Chapter 8: Intelligence and Schooling

Introduction to Intelligence

Video 8.1: Intelligence is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Theories of Intelligence

The first half of the first paragraph and the second paragraph in “Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence” are by Sara Buie, CC License: BY-NC-SA.

The Cattell’s Crystallized and Fluid Intelligence section is from Psychology. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial.

A portion of the second paragraph under Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence is from Psychology. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial.

The last paragraph in “Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences” is by Sara Buie, CC License: BY-NC-SA.

Video 8.2: Theories of Intelligence is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

A portion of the Creativity section is from Psychology. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial.

Measuring Intelligence

Figure 8.1 under Measuring Intelligence is from The Noba Project: Intelligence. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-alike.

The “Measuring Infant Intelligence” section is by Sara Buie, CC License: BY-NC-SA.

The second half paragraph 2 of Measuring Infant Intelligence is by Rice University with a CC: Attribution 4.0 International License; 1999-2025.

Most of the first paragraph in the Bias in Intelligence Testing section is from Psychology. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial.

The second and third paragraphs in the “Bias in Intelligence Testing” section are by Sara Buie, CC License: BY-NC-SA.

Standardized Testing

Portions of the first and second paragraphs in the Standardization and the Intelligence Quotient section are from The Noba Project: Intelligence. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-alike.

Figure 8.2: Distribution of IQ Scores in the General Population is by Martha Lally and Suzanne Valentine-French. Provided by: College of Lake County Foundation. Located at: http://dept.clcillinois.edu/psy/LifespanDevelopment.pdf. License: CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike

The Roles of Nature and Nurture in Intelligence

The Range of Reaction section was adapted from Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020). The source of intelligence. In Psychology 2e (Chapter 7, Section 7.6). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/7-6-the-source-of-intelligence. CC BY 4.0.

The second and third paragraphs of Genetic Contributions were adapted from Introduction to Psychology: Is Intelligence Nature or Nurture?, CC BY-NC-SA.

The section on Environmental Contributions was adapted from Introduction to Psychology: Is Intelligence Nature or Nurture?, CC BY-NC-SA.

Academic Achievement

The first two paragraphs introducing academic achievement are by Sara Buie, CC License: BY-NC-SA.

The second and third paragraphs describing institutional environment and intrapersonal factors under the “Factors Affecting Academic Achievement” section are by Sara Buie, CC License: BY-NC-SA.

The fourth paragraph on stereotype threat under the Factors Affecting Academic Achievement was adapted from Intelligence Robert Biswas-Diener is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The 5th paragraph on the Pygmalion effect under the Factors Affecting Academic Achievement was adapted from 13.6B: Teachers’ Expectations is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

The sections on Mindset and Grit were adapted from Psychology of Human Relations Copyright © by Stevy Scarbrough is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Video 8.3: Mindset is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Video 8.4: Grit is by TED under a general YouTube license.

The section on Expectancy-Value Theory is adapted from Educational Psychology Copyright © 2020 by Nicole Arduini-Van Hoose is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Video 8.5 Expectancy Value Theory is from Katia Horton under a general YouTube license.

Chapter 9: Language Development

Structures of Language

Figure 9.1 Structures of Language is by James J. Thomas and Kristin A. Cook (Ed.), CC BY-SA 4.0  via Wikimedia Commons

Video 9.1 Infant speech discrimination is by misosoup666 under a genderal YouTube license.

The section on Semantics is adapted from Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd edition Copyright © 2022 by Catherine Anderson; Bronwyn Bjorkman; Derek Denis; Julianne Doner; Margaret Grant; Nathan Sanders; and Ai Taniguchi is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

The section on Semantics is adapted from Child Growth and Development Canadian Ed Copyright © 2022 by Tanya Pye; Susan Scoffin; Janice Quade; and Jane Krieg is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Video 9.2 Talking Twin Babies is by jayrandall22011 under a general YouTube license.

Language and the Brain

Figure 9.2 Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas is by UX Stalin, CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons

The section on Activation of Language Brain Areas is from Child Development: Brain Building Course Book Copyright © 2018 by EarlyEdU Alliance is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Theories of Language Development

Figure 9.3 Infant Signs is Artwork by Marco Bruschtein. © 2014 Michael D. Fetters, M.D., M.P.H., M.A., CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Figure 9.4 Human Brain Development by Age is based on Nelson, C. A. (2000). Credit: Center on the Developing Child from Early Childhood Literacy: Engaging and Empowering Emergent Readers and Writers, Birth – Age 5 Copyright © 2021 by Christine Pegorraro Schull; Leslie La Croix; Sara E. Miller; Kimberly Sanders Austin; and Julie K. Kidd is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

The first two paragraphs on Learning a Second Language and Figure 9.4 are from Child Development: Brain Building Course Book Copyright © 2018 by EarlyEdU Alliance is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

The third paragraph on Learning a Second Language is from Biological Psychology [Revised Edition] Copyright © 2024 by Michael J. Hove and Steven A. Martinez is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Figure 9.5 Children Talking is by Meruyert Gonullu on Pexels All photos and videos on Pexels can be downloaded and used for free.

Video 9.4 Theories of Language Development is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Language Development Progression

Video 9.5 Infant cooing is by Miles2068 under a Creative Commons Attribution License (reuse allowed)

Video 9.6 Baby Sign Language is from Orlando Health under a Creative Commons Attribution License (reuse allowed)

The section on Joint Attention is adapted from 13.3.6: Strategies that Support Language Development-Joint Attention is shared under a mixed 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Todd LaMarr (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative).

The section on Language Development in Children with Autism is adapted from 3.4: Language Acquisition Differences is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Vicki Tanck

Video 9.7 Infant-directed speech is by CloudMom under a Creative Commons Attribution License (reuse allowed)

The last paragraph under Language Errors is from Lifespan Development. CC license: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-alike.

The section on Overregularization is adapted from Language Development Copyright © by Noelle M. Crooks is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

The section on Overregularization is adapted from 5.1 Language Development Copyright © 2021 by Dinesh Ramoo is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Video 9.8 Beyond the 30 Million Word Gap is from the McGovern Institute with a general YouTube license

The section on Language Development in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children is adapted from Lifespan Development. CC license: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-alike.

The section on Language Development in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children is adapted from 3.4: Language Acquisition Differences is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Vicki Tanck

The section on Impact of Multilingualism on Development is adapted rrom Lifespan Development. CC license: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-alike.

Video 9.9 How do babies become bilingual is from SciScho Psych with a general YouTube license

Chapter 10: Emotional Development and Attachment

What are Emotions?

The paragraph on Emotional Development is adapted from Infant and Child Development: From Conception Through Late Childhood Copyright © by Marie Parnes and Maria Pagano is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

The section on Primary and Secondary Emotions is from Child and Adolescent Psychology Copyright © by Lumen Learning is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1 Primary and secondary emotions is by Krisztina V. Jakobsen, CC license: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-alike.

Figure 10.2 Infant crying is by C.K. Koay’s photo, licensed as Attribution-NonCommercial, on flickr.

The section on Social Referencing is from Emotional and Social Development During Infancy Copyright © by Stephanie Hazen and Celeste Mazur is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The section on Emotional Regulation  is from Infant and Child Development: From Conception Through Late Childhood Copyright © by Marie Parnes and Maria Pagano is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

The section on Emotion Regulation is adapted from Middle Childhood and Adolescent Psychology Copyright © 2025 by Qiushan Liu is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

The section on Emotion Regulation is adapted from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0

The section on The Role of Parents in Emotion Regulation is adapted from Child and Adolescent Psychology Copyright © by Lumen Learning is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

The section on The Role of Parents in Emotion Regulation is from Child and Adolescent Psychology Copyright © by Lumen Learning is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The section on Self Control and Emotional Intelligence is adapted from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0

Video 10.1 Marshmallow Test is from Igniter Media with a standard YouTube license

Temperament

Figure 10.X Thomas and Chess’s (1977) temperamental model is from Rice University & OpenStax with a CC BY 4.0 license

The paragraph on Rothbart’s temperament theory is adapted from Introduction to Psychology (A critical approach) Copyright © 2023 by Jill Grose-Fifer; Rose M. Spielman; Kathryn Dumper; William Jenkins; Arlene Lacombe; Marilyn Lovett; and Marion Perlmutter is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, and Rothbart’s temperament theory is adapted from Lifespan Development (OpenStax) is shared under a CC BY 4.0

Video 10.2 Temperament, Heredity, and Genes is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Attachment

Video 10.3 Harlow’s Studies on Dependency in Monkeys is from Michael Baker under a general YouTube license.

Video 10.4 Secure and Insecure Attachment is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Video 10.5 The Strange Situation Procedure and Secure Attachment is from thibs44 under a general YouTube license.

Video 10.6 Avoidant Attachment Style is by Adam under a general YouTube license.

Video 10.7 Resistant Attachment Style is by Marie Coppola under a general YouTube license.

Video 10.8 Disorganized Attachment Style is by Brianna MacWilliam with a standard YouTube license

Chapter 11: Development of Self and Identity

Introduction to Self and Identity

Erikson’s Psychosocial Development

Video 11.1 Initiave vs guilt is from Kalicia Jolly with a standard YouTube license.

Video 11.2 Erikson’s Psychosocial Development is from Khan Academy. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Video 11.3 Marcia’s States of Adolescent Identity Development is from Tiffany Dickie under a standard YouTube license.

Development of Self

The first two paragraphs on infants’ sense of self and autonomy are from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0

The paragraph on nonhuman animal sense of self is from Principles of Social Psychology – 1st International Edition Copyright © 2020 by Dr. Charles Stangor is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

Video 11.2 Self-Recognition is from Coolpsychologist with a standard YouTube license.

The first two paragraphs in Self in Early Childhood are from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0

Video 11.3 Self concept is from drmpcfl with a standard YouTube license.

Video 11.4 Charles Cooley – Looking glass self is from khanacademymedicine CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Video 11.5 George Herbert Mead – the I and the Me is from khanacademymedicine CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

The section on Self in School-Aged Children is from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0

Video 11.6 Initiative vs guilt is from Kalicia Jolly with a standard YouTube license.

The section on Self-Concept Across Cultures is from Children’s Thinking and Learning Copyright © 2024 by Kathleen F. Peets is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Figure 11.1 Joyful Child Running Outdoors in Summer is by Lucretius Mooka on Pexels, where photos and videos on can be downloaded and used for free.

Figure 11.2 Photograph of a Group of Teenagers Together is by cottonbro studio on Pexels, where photos and videos on can be downloaded and used for free.

Development of Self-Esteem

Figure 11.4 Portrait Girl with Red Hair n White Dress is by Ron Lach on Pexels, where photos and videos on can be downloaded and used for free.

The section on Variations in Self-Esteem is from Principles of Social Psychology – 1st International Edition Copyright © 2020 by Dr. Charles Stangor is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Video 11.8 Self esteem self efficacy, and locus of control is from khanacademymedicine CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Gender and Sexual Identity

The section on Gender and Sexual Identity is by Sara Buie and Human Development Copyright © 2020 by Human Development Teaching & Learning Group is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Video 11.9 A class that turned around kids’ assumptions of gender roles is from Upworthy with a standard YouTube license.

Figure 11.5 The Gender Unicorn uses a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 / CC-BY 4.0 License.

The section on Beyond the Binary in Biological Sex was adapted from Introduction to Human Sexuality Copyright © 2024 by Ericka Goerling, PhD and Emerson Wolfe, MS is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

The section on Gender Around the World is adapted from Perspectives: An Open Introduction to Cultural Anthropology, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2020 by American Anthropological Association is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

The section on The Case of David Reimer is adapted from Psychology – 1st Canadian Edition Copyright © 2020 by Sally Walters is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License,

Figure 11.6 Young Girls Playing with Toy Cars is by Polesie Toys on Pexels, where photos and videos on can be downloaded and used for free.

Video 11.10 Gender Constancy is from Susan Perez with a standard YouTube license.

Video 11.11 Gender Schema Theory is from helpful Professor Explains! with a standard YouTube license.

Figure 11.7 The Kinsey Scale from unknown (Own work), CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

Video 11.12 Demographic structure of society – sex, gender, and sexual orientation is from khanacademymedicine CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

The section on Developmental Outcomes for LGBTQIA+ Adolescents is adapted from Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY NC-SA) license

Racial and Ethnic Identity

The first two paragraphs of Racial and Ethnic identity on racial-ethnic identity and intersectionality are from Human Development Copyright © 2020 by Human Development Teaching & Learning Group is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Video 11.13 Demographic structure of society – race and ethnicity is from khanacademymedicine CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-Alike

Sections of the Minority Identity Development section and Bicultural and Multiracial Identity Development are from Lifespan Development: A Psychological Perspective. CC License: Attribution, Non-commercial, Share-alike.

Figure 11.8 Man in White Crew Neck T-shirt besides Woman in White Crew Neck T-shirt is by Grits and Thrills Studio on Pexels, where photos and videos on can be downloaded and used for free.

The section on Do White People Possess an Ethnic-Racial Identity is from Human Development Copyright © 2020 by Human Development Teaching & Learning Group is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Contexts of Identity

The section on Other Facets of Identity is adapted from Human Development Copyright © 2020 by Human Development Teaching & Learning Group is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The section on Political Identity is adapted from

The section on Intersectionality is adapted from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0 and Intersectionality is adapted from Building Sustainable Communities: Creating Connections for the Future Copyright © 2022 by Ryan Plummer; Amanda Smits; Samantha Witkowski; Bridget McGlynn; Derek Armitage; Ella-Kari Muhl; and Jodi Johnston is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Figure 11.9 Identity is from Rice University, Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0

Moral Identity

The section on Moral Development is from Infant and Child Development: From Conception Through Late Childhood Copyright © by Marie Parnes and Maria Pagano is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Video 11.14 Moral Development is from drmpcfl with a standard YouTube license.

Video 11.15 Kohlberg’s 6 stages of moral development is from Sprouts; CC License: Attribution (reuse allowed)

Video 11.16 Carol Gilligan’s Theory of Moral Development is from Ericka IsAwesome with a standard YouTube license.

Figure 11.9 is by Hamlin, J.K. (2015) Front. Psychol., 29 January 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01563  is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)

Chapter 12: Play and Peer Relationships

Introduction to Play and Peer Relationships

The Introduction to play and peer relationships section is from Noelle M. Crooks is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Social Cognition and Theory of Mind

The section on Social Cognition is from Children’s Thinking and Learning Copyright © 2024 by Kathleen F. Peets is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Video 12. 1 What is Social Cognition? is from southeastpsyc with a standard YouTube license.

The section on Theory of Mind is from Infant and Child Development: From Conception Through Late Childhood Copyright © by Marie Parnes and Maria Pagano is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Figure 12.1 Theory of Mind by Bertram Malle is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available in our Licensing Agreement.

Video 12.2 The Theory of Mind Test is from The Globe and Mail with a standard YouTube license.

The last three paragraphs of Theory of Mind are from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0

What is Play?

The section on What is Play? is adapted from Infant and Child Development: From Conception Through Late Childhood Copyright © by Marie Parnes and Maria Pagano is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Figure 12.2 is by RichardMC (monkeys playing), puppies playing, HaiBaron (children playing) on Pixabay, Content License

The section on Importance of Play is adapted from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0.

The Development of Play

Portions of the section on Symbolic Play are by Sara Buie under a CC-BY-NC-SA license.

Figure 12.3 Child climbing tree is by Ubaid Shareef on Pexels, where photos and videos on can be downloaded and used for free.

Figure 12.4 Symbolic play is by Polesie Toys on Pexels, where photos and videos on can be downloaded and used for free.

Video 12.3 What are the 6 Stages of Play? is from Pathways with a standard YouTube license.

Variations in Play

The section Variations in Play adapted from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0.

Video 12.4 The Maasai’s famous jumping dance is from melissarosecooper with a standard YouTube license

Figure 12.5 Children sitting in snow is from rawpixel.com, CC0.

Figure 12.6 Accessible Playground sign is by Cherryhurst Park from Wikimedia Commons, CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication

Early Peer Relationships

The 2nd paragraph about toddlers and the 3rd paragraph about middle childhood friendships is by Sara Buie, CC License: BY-NC-SA.

Peer Relationships in Middle Childhood

The section on Peer Relationships in Middle Childhood is adapted from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0.

Figure 12.7 Peer Social Evaluations is by Rice University, from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0.

Adolescent Peer Relationships

The section on Adolescent Peer Relationships is adapted from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0.

Figure 12.8 is from Friends working on a computer by “antoinedigital”/nappy, Public Domain; credit b: modification of work “Group of friends hanging out” by “Stacey_jayyy”/nappy, Public Domain; credit c: modification of work “Day 3 – The One Young World Summit 2014” by One Young World/Flickr, Public Domain)

Bullying

Figure 12.8 Bullying is by Carlota Hernández Rosales, CC BY 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons

Figure 12.9 Bullying Circle (Adapted from Olweus & Limber, 2010) is attributed to Christine Pegorraro Schull with Canva

Video 12.5 Bystander is by StopBullying Gov with a standard YouTube license

The section on Preventing and responding to Bullying is by Sara Buie, CC License: BY-NC-SA.

The section What to do when cyberbullying happens is by Sara Buie, CC License: BY-NC-SA.

Video 12.6 How to Stop Bullying is from watchwellcast with a standard YouTube license

Chapter 13: Families

Introduction to Families

The first paragraph in Introduction to Families is from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0.

Family Structures

The section on Family Structures (also) is adapted from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0.

Figure 13.1 : A group of people walking down a street; photo by Hoi An Photography on Unsplash

Figure 13.2: A group of people walking down a street; photo by Aiden Craver on Unsplash

Figure 13.3: Man in black leather jacket carrying boy in black leather jacket; photo by Kelly Sikkema on Unsplash

Siblings

Figure 13.4: A couple of young girls standing next to a tent; photo by Colin + Meg on Unsplash

Parental Conflicts

Video 13.1: The Impact of Divorce is from TEDx Talks; CC License: Attribution (reuse allowed)

Influences on Parenting

The section on Influences on Parenting is adapted from Child, Family, and Community by Rebecca Laff and Wendy Ruiz licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Parenting Styles

The section on Baumrind’s Parenting Styles is adapted from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0.

Video 13.2: 4 Parenting Styles and Their Effects on You is from Psych2Go; CC License: Attribution (reuse allowed)

The section on Culture and Parenting is adapted from Human Development – Revision Copyright © 2020 by Human Development Teaching & Learning Group is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License,

The section on Popular Conceptualizations of Parenting and their Outcomes is adapted from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.0.

Parenting Strategies

Try It is from Lumen Learning; CC License: Attribution 4.0

Childcare Context

The section on Childcare Context is adapted from Lifespan Development by OpenStax licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License v4.

Figure 13.5 is from “Elizabeth Warren at Salem’s YMCA Child Care Center” by Office of Senator Elizabeth Warren/Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain

The first paragraphs of Early Childhood Education Programs is from Chapter One: Children’s Well-being and Early Childhood Education Copyright © by Kelly McKown is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

The section on Project Head Start was adapted from Individual and Family Development, Health, and Well-being Copyright © 2022 by Diana Lang is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License and Project Head Start from Introduction to Early Childhood Education Copyright © by SBCTC is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License and Project Head Start was adapted from Chapter One: Children’s Well-being and Early Childhood Education Copyright © by Kelly McKown is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

The section on Carolina Abecedarian Program was adapted from Gina Peterson and Emily Elam is licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hZ6z_ZCUQIRP9ddJN1YItlXJmolLnzB1

Chapter 14: Health and Wellness

Introduction to Behavioral and Psychological Wellbeing

The introduction to Behavioral and Psychological Adjustment is adapted from 18.5 Maltreatment, Adversity, and Resilience Copyright © 2023 by The Human Development Teaching & Learning Group is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Stress and Development

Video 14.1 Childhood trauma is from Sprouts. Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

Figure 14.1 Types of ACES is from the CDC in the public domain.

Figure 14.2 Accumulation of ACES is from the CDC in the public domain.

Video 14.2 How Childhood Trauma Affects Health Across a Lifetime is presented by Nadine Burke Harris and is from TED under the Creative Commons (CC) BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

Figure 14.3 Preventing ACES is from the CDC in the public domain.

The Role of Social Media on Mental Health

The section on The Role of Social Media and Mental Health is adapted from OpenStax College Success Concise Chapter 6.5 The Role of Social Media on Mental Health. Access for free at: https://openstax.org/books/college-success-concise/pages/6-5-the-role-of-social-media-on-mental-health, CC BY Attribution

Figure 14.4 The Pros and Cons of Social Media

Maltreatment

Video 14.3 What are Child Abuse and Neglect is from the CDC in the public domain.

The section on Preventative Startegies is adapted from Chapter Three: Child Maltreatment Copyright © by Kelly McKown is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

The section on Preventative Factors is adapted from 5.5: Resilience is shared under a mixed 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Todd LaMarr (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative)

Video 14.4 InBrief: What is Resilience? is from Center for the Developing Child at Harvard University with a standard YouTube license

Video 14.5 InBrief: How Resilience Is Built from Center for the Developing Child at Harvard University with a standard YouTube license

Anxiety, Depression, and Self-directed Violent Behavior

The section on The American Psychiatric Association (APA) Definition is adapted from Psychology 2e OpenStax Copyright © 2020 by Openstax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

The section on The American Psychiatric Association (APA) Definition includes adaptations from Psychology 2e OpenStax Revised Version Copyright © 2020 by Openstax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Video 14.4 Teen Brains are Not Broken is presented by Roselinde Kaiser and from TED under the Creative Commons (CC) BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.