Verb tables
1 Commands
| wvnvyvs! | tie it! |
| wvnvyepvs! | you may tie it / please tie it |
| wvnvyvks! | you (pl.) tie it! |
| wvnahyetskvs | don’t you tie it! |
| wvnvyetskekot | don’t tie it (softer) |
| wvnvyvkēs | let’s tie it |
| wvnvyvkēs | let him/her tie him/her |
| wvnvyvkekvs | let him/her tie them |
| wvnahyin omekvs | first let me tie him/her |
| wvnvyvn os | just tie it |
| wvnvyepvn os | go ahead and tie it |
| wvnvyvccvs | you should / must / shall tie it |
| wvnvyekot owvccvs | you shall not tie it |
| wvnvyvkvccvs | you (pl.) must tie it |
| wvnahyēskos | one should not tie it / it can’t be tied |
2 Present
2.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)
| wvnayis | I am tying it |
| wvnayetskes | you are tying it |
| wvnayes | he/she is tying it |
| wvnayēs | we are tying it |
| wvnayatskes | you (pl.) are tying it |
| wvnvyakes | they are tying it |
Periphrastic (older forms):
| wvnayet omis | I am tying it |
| wvnayet ometskes | you are tying it |
| wvnayet omes | he/she is tying it |
| wvnayet omēs | we are tying it |
| wvnayet omatskes | you (pl.) are tying it |
| wvnvyaket omes | they are tying it |
Periphrastic (newer forms):
| wvnayet owis | I am tying it |
| wvnayet ontskes | you are tying it |
| wvnayet os | he/she is tying it |
| wvnayet owēs | we are tying it |
| wvnayet owatskes | you (pl.) are tying it |
| wvnvyaket os | they are tying it |
2.2 Question in -v
| wvnayvyv? | am I tying it? |
| wvnayetskv? | are you tying it? |
| wvnayv? | is he/she tying it? |
| wvnayeyv? | are we tying it? |
| wvnayatskv? | are you (pl.) tying it? |
| wvnvyakv? | are they tying it? |
Periphrastic (older forms):
| wvnayet omvyv? | am I tying it? |
| wvnayet ometskv? | are you tying it? |
| wvnayet omv? | is he/she tying it? |
| wvnayet omeyv? | are we tying it? |
| wvnayet omatskv? | are you (pl.) tying it? |
| wvnvyaket omv? | are they tying it? |
Periphrastic (newer forms):
| wvnayet owvyv′? | am I tying it? |
| wvnayet ontskv? | are you tying it? |
| wvnayet owv? | is he/she tying it? |
| wvnayet oweyv? | are we tying it? |
| wvnayet owatskv? | are you (pl.) tying it? |
| wvnvyaket owv? | are they tying it? |
2.3 Negative statement
| wvnvyvkos | I am not tying it, haven’t tied it |
| wvnvyetskekos | you are not tying it, haven’t tied it |
| wvnvyekos | he/she isn’t tying it, hasn’t tied it |
| wvnvyēkos | we are tying it, haven’t tied it |
| wvnvyatskekos | you (pl.) aren’t tying it, haven’t tied it |
| wvnvyvkekos | they aren’t tying it, haven’t tied it |
Periphrastic (older forms):
| wvnvyvkot omes | I am not tying it |
| wvnvyetskekot omes | you are not tying it |
| wvnvyekot omes | he/she is not tying it |
| wvnvyēkot omes | we are not tying it |
| wvnvyatskekot omes | you (pl.) are not tying it |
| wvnvyvkekot omes | they are not tying it |
2.4 Negative question
| wvnvyvko? | aren’t I tying it? |
| wvnvyetskeko? | aren’t you tying it? |
| wvnvyeko? | isn’t he/she tying it? |
| wvnvyēko? | aren’t we tying it? |
| wvnvyatskeko? | aren’t you (pl.) tying it? |
| wvnvyvkeko? | aren’t they tying it? |
Periphrastic (older forms):
| wvnvyvkot omv? | am I not tying it? |
2.5 Durative eventive
| wvnayvyēs | I can tie it / I tie it |
| wvnayetskēs | you can tie it / you tie it |
| wvnayēs | he/she can tie it / he/she ties it |
| wvnayeyēs | we can tie it / we tie it |
| wvnayatskēs | you (pl.) can tie it / you (pl.) tie it |
| wvnvyakēs | they can tie it / they tie it |
2.6 Negative durative
| wvnahyvkos | I would not be able to tie it |
3 Past 1 (today up to last night)
3.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)
| wvnahyis | I tied it (today/last night) |
| wvnahyetskes | you tied it (today/last night) |
| wvnahyes | he/she tied it (today/last night) |
| wvnahyēs | we tied it (today/last night) |
| wvnahyatskes | you (pl.) tied it (today/last night) |
| wvnvyvhkes | they tied it (today/last night) |
3.2 Question in -v
| wvnahyvyv? | did I tie it (today/last night)? |
| wvnahyetskv? | did you tie it (today/last night)? |
| wvnahyv? | did he/she tie it (today/last night)? |
| wvnahyeyv? | did we tie it (today/last night)? |
| wvnahyatskv? | did you (pl.) tie it (today/last night)? |
| wvnvyvhkv? | did they tie it (today/last night)? |
3.3 Imperfective
| wvnayvyis | I was tying it (today/last night) |
| wvnayetskis | you were tying it (today/last night) |
Periphrastic (older forms):
| wvnayet omvyis | I was tying it (today/last night) |
3.4 Negative statement
| wvnvyvkis | I didn’t tie it (today/last night) |
| wvnvyetskekis | you didn’t tie it (today/last night) |
| wvnvyekis | he/she didn’t tie it (today/last night) |
| wvnvyēkis | we didn’t tie it (today/last night) |
| wvnvyatskekis | you (pl.) didn’t tie it (today/last night) |
| wvnvyvkekis | they didn’t tie it (today/last night) |
Periphrastic (older forms):
| wvnvyvkot ohmes | I didn’t tie it (today/last night) |
| wvnvyetskekot ohmes | you didn’t tie it (today/last night) |
| wvnvyekot ohmes | he/she didn’t tie it (today/last night) |
| wvnvyēkot ohmes | we didn’t tie it (today/last night) |
| wvnvyatskekot ohmes | you (pl.) didn’t tie it (today/last night) |
| wvnvyvkekot ohmes | they didn’t tie it (today/last night) |
3.5 Negative question in -v
| wvnvyvkisv? | didn’t I tie it (today/last night)? |
| wvnvyetskisv? | didn’t you tie it (today/last night)? |
| wvnvyekisv? | didn’t he/she tie it (today/last night)? |
| wvnvyēkisv? | didn’t we tie it (today/last night)? |
| wvnvyatskekisv? | didn’t you (pl.) tie it (today/last night)? |
| wvnvyvkekisv? | didn’t they tie it (today/last night)? |
4 Past 2 (yesterday to several weeks ago)
4.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)
| wvnayvyvnks | I tied it |
| wvnayetskvnks | you tied it |
| wvnayvnks | he/she tied it |
| wvnayeyvnks | we tied it |
| wvnayatskvnks | you (pl.) tied it |
| wvnvyakvnks | they tied it |
Periphrastic (older forms):
| wvnayet omvyvnks | I tied it |
| wvnayet ometskvnks | you tied it |
| wvnayet omvnks | he/she tied it |
| wvnayet omeyvnks | we tied it |
| wvnayet omatskvnks | you (pl.) tied it |
| wvnvyaket omvnks | they tied it |
4.2 Question in -v
| wvnayvyvnkv? | did I tie it? |
| wvnayetskvnkv? | did you tie it? |
| wvnayvnkv? | did he/she tie it? |
| wvnayeyvnkv? | did we tie it? |
| wvnayatskvnkv? | did you (pl.) tie it? |
| wvnvyakvnkv? | did they tie it? |
Periphrastic (older forms):
| wvnayet omvyvnkv? | did I tie it? |
4.3 Negative statement
| wvnvyvkvnks | I didn’t tie it |
| wvnvyetskekvnks | you didn’t tie it |
| wvnvyekvnks | he/she didn’t tie it |
| wvnvyēkvnks | we didn’t tie it |
| wvnvyatskekvnks | you (pl.) didn’t tie it |
| wvnvyvkekvnks | they didn’t tie it |
Periphrastic (older forms):
| wvnvyvkot omvnks | I didn’t tie it |
| wvnvyetskekot omvnks | you didn’t tie it |
| wvnvyekot omvnks | he/she didn’t tie it |
| wvnvyēkot omvnks | we didn’t tie it |
| wvnvyatskekot omvnks | you (pl.) didn’t tie it |
| wvnvyvkekot omvnks | they didn’t tie it |
4.4 Negative question in -v
| wvnvyvkvnkv? | didn’t I tie it? |
Periphrastic (older forms):
| wvnvyvkot omvnkv? | didn’t I tie it? |
5 Past 3 (from two weeks to about a year ago)
5.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)
| wvnayimvts | I tied it |
| wvnayetskemvts | you tied it |
| wvnayemvts | he/she tied it |
| wvnayēmvts | we tied it |
| wvnayatskemvts | you (pl.) tied it |
| wvnvyakemvts | they tied it |
Periphrastic (older forms):
| wvnayet omimvts | I tied it |
| wvnayet ometskemvts | you tied it |
| wvnayet omemvts | he/she tied it |
| wvnayet omēmvts | we tied it |
| wvnayet omatskemvts | you (pl.) tied it |
| wvnvyaket omemvts | they tied it |
5.2 Imperfective
| wvnayimvts | I was tying it |
5.3 Question
| wvnayimvte? | did I tie it? |
| wvnayetskemvte? | did you tie it? |
| wvnayemvte? | did he/she tie it? |
| wvnayēmvte? | did we tie it? |
| wvnayatskemvte? | did you (pl.) tie it? |
| wvnvyakemvte? | did they tie it? |
5.4 Negative statement
| wvnvyvkomvts | I didn’t tie it |
| wvnvyetskekomvts | you didn’t tie it |
| wvnvyekomvts | he/she didn’t tie it |
| wvnvyēkomvts | we didn’t tie it |
| wvnvyatskekomvts | you (pl.) didn’t tie it |
| ?wvnvyvkekomvts | they didn’t tie it |
Periphrastic (older forms):
| wvnvyvkot omemvts | I didn’t tie it |
5.5 Negative question
| wvnvyvkomvte′ | didn’t I tie it? |
6 Past 4
6.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)
| wvnayvyvnt(v)s | I tied it (long ago) |
| wvnayetskvnt(v)s | you tied it (long ago) |
| wvnayvnt(v)s | he/she tied it (long ago) |
| wvnayeyvnt(v)s | we tied it (long ago) |
| wvnayatskvnt(v)s | you (pl.) tied it (long ago) |
| wvnvyakvnt(v)s | they tied it (long ago) |
Periphrastic (older forms):
| wvnayet omvyvnt(v)s | I tied it (long ago) |
| wvnayet ometskvnt(v)s | you tied it (long ago) |
| wvnayet omvnt(v)s | he/she tied it (long ago) |
| wvnayet omeyvnt(v)s | we tied it (long ago) |
| wvnayet omatskvnt(v)s | you (pl.) tied it (long ago) |
| wvnvyaket omvnt(v)s | they tied it (long ago) |
6.2 Question
| wvnayvyvntv? | did I tie it (long ago)? |
| wvnayetskvntv? | did you tie it (long ago)? |
| wvnayvntv? | did he/she tie it (long ago)? |
6.3 Negative statement
| wvnvyvkvnt(v)s | I didn’t tie it (long ago) |
7 Past 5
7.1 Statement (with agent or plural agreement)
| wvnayvyvtēs | I tied it (very long ago) |
| wvnayetskvtēs | you tied it (very long ago) |
| wvnayvtēs | he/she tied it (very long ago) |
| wvnayeyvtēs | we tied it (very long ago) |
| wvnayatskvtēs | you (pl.) tied it (very long ago) |
| wvnvyakvtēs | they tied it (very long ago) |
Periphrastic (older forms):
| wvnayet omvyvtēs | I tied it (very long ago) |
| wvnayet ometskvtēs | you tied it (very long ago) |
| wvnayet omvtēs | he/she tied it (very long ago) |
| wvnayet omeyvtēs | we tied it (very long ago) |
| wvnayet omatskvtēs | you (pl.) tied it (very long ago) |
| wvnvyaket omvtēs | they tied it (very long ago) |
7.2 Question
| wvnayvtēte? | did he/she tie it (very long ago)? |
7.3 Negative statement
| wvnvyekatēs | he/she didn’t tie it (very long ago) |
8 Prospective
8.1 Statement (with agreement or plural agreement)
| wvnvyvhanis | I am going to tie it |
| wvnvyvhanetskes | you are going to tie it |
| wvnvyvhanes | he/she is going to tie it |
| wvnvyvhanēs | we are going to tie it |
| wvnvyvhanatskes | you (pl.) are going to tie it |
| wvnvyvkvhanes | they are going to tie it |
Periphrastic (older forms):
| wvnvyvhanet omis | I am going to tie it |
| wvnvyvhanet ometskes | you are going to tie it |
| wvnvyvhanet omes | he/she is going to tie it |
| wvnvyvhanet omēs | we are going to tie it |
| wvnvyvhanet omatskes | you (pl.) are going to tie it |
| wvnvyvkvhanet omes | they are going to tie it |
8.2 Question in -v
| wvnvyvhanv? | is he/she going to tie it? |
8.3 Negative statement
| wvnvyvhanek(o)s | he/she is not going to tie it |
9 Future
9.1 Statement (with agreement or plural agreement)
| wvnvyarēs | I will tie it |
| wvnvyetskvrēs | you will tie it |
| wvnvyvrēs | he/she will tie it |
| wvnvyeyvrēs | we will tie it |
| wvnvyatskvrēs | you (pl.) will tie it |
| wvnvyvkvrēs | they will tie it |
9.2 Question
| wvnvyarēte? | will I tie it? |
9.3 Negative statement
| wvnvyvkarēs | I will not tie it |
10 Patient prefixes (resent statement form)
| cvwvnayes | he/she is tying me |
| cewvnayes | he/she is tying you |
| wvnayes | he/she is tying him/her |
| powvnawices | he/she is tying us |
| wvnawices | he/she is tying them |
11 Reflexive, reciprocal (present statement form)
11.1 Reflexive
| ēwvnayis | I am tying myself |
| ēwvnayetskes | you are tying yourself |
| ēwvnayes | he is tying himself / she is tying herself |
| ēwvnayēs | we are tying ourselves |
| ēwvnayatskes | you (pl.) are tying yourselves |
| ēwvnvyakes | they are tying themselves |
11.2 Reciprocal
| etewvnayēs | we are tying each other |
| etewvnayatskes | you (pl.) are tying each other |
| etewvnvyakes | they are tying each other |
12 Dative prefixes (present statement form)
| vnwvnayes | he/she is tying it for me |
| cenwvnayes | he/she is tying it for you |
| enwvnayes | he/she is tying it for him/her |
| ponwvnayes | he/she is tying it for us |
13 Instumental, locative (present statement form)
| eswvnayes | he/she is tying it with it |
| (e)svwvnayes | he/she is tying it to (a post, chair) with it |
| (e)sohwvnayes | he/she is tying it on with it |
| (e)stvkwvnayes | he/she is tying it to (the floor) with it |
| (e)svkwvnayes | he/she is tying it with it (in water) |
14 Auxiliary forms
14.1 ‘might, can probably’
| wvnayē witvyēs | I can probably tie it |
| wvnayetskē witēs | you can probably tie it |
| wvnayē witēs | he/she can probably tie it |
| wvnayē witeyēs | we can probably tie it |
| wvnayatskē witēs | you (pl.) can probably tie it |
| wvnvyakē witēs | they can probably tie it |
14.2 ‘able, can’
| wvnvyvyē tayēs | I will be able to tie it |
| wvnvyetskē tayēs | you will be able to tie it |
| wvnvyē tayēs | he/she will be able to tie it |
| wvnvyeyē tayēs | we will be able to tie it |
| wvnvyatskē tayēs | you (pl.) will be able to tie it |
| wvnvyvkē tayēs | they will be able to tie it |
14.3 ‘finish’
| wvnayē pohyis | I finished tying it (past 1) |
| wvnayē pohyetskes | you finished tying it |
| wvnayē pohyes | he/she finished tying it (past 1) |
| wvnayē pohyēs | we finished tying it |
| wvnayē pohyatskes | you (pl.) finished tying it |
| wvnayē poyvhkes | they finished tying it |
14.4 ‘keep doing’
| wvnayē mahis | I keep tying it |
| wvnayē mahetskes | you keep tying it |
| wvnayē mahes | he/she keeps tying it |
| wvnayē mahēs | we keep tying it |
| wvnayē mahatskes | you (pl.) keep tying it |
| wvnayē mahakes | they keep tying it |
14.5 ‘keep doing, still’
| wvnayvyē monkvnks | I was still tying it |
| wvnayetskē monkvnks | you were still tying it |
| wvnayē monkvnks | he/she was still tying it |
| wvnayeyē monkvnks | we were still tying it |
| wvnayatskē monkvnks | you (pl.) were still tying it |
| wvnvyakē monkvnks | they were still tying it |
14.6 Negative experimential
| wvnvyvyvt(ē)sekot os | I have never tied it |
| wvnvyetskvt(ē)sekot os | you have never tied it |
| wvnvyvt(ē)sekot os | he/she has never tied it |
| wvnvyeyvt(ē)sekot os | we have never tied it |
| wvnvyatskvt(ē)sekot os | you (pl.) have never tied it |
| wvnvyvkvt(ē)sekot os | they have never tied it |
15 Modality
15.1 ‘almost’, past 1 perfective
| wvnahyvhohkis | I almost tied it (today/last night) |
| wvnahyvhohketskes | you almost tied it (today/last night) |
| wvnahyvhohkes | he/she almost tied it (today/last night) |
| wvnahyvhohkēs | we almost tied it (today/last night) |
| wvnahyvhohkatskes | you (pl.) almost tied it (today/last night) |
| wvnvyahkvhohkes | they almost tied it (today/last night) |
15.2 ‘accidentally’
| wvnvyehpvyvttis | I accidentally tied it |
| wvnvyehpetskvttis | you accidentally tied it |
| wvnvyehpvttis | he/she accidentally tied it |
| wvnvyehpeyvttis | we accidentally tied it |
| wvnvyehpatskvttis | you (pl.) accidentally tied it |
| wvnvyvkehpvttis | they accidentally tied it |
15.3 ‘just about to’
| wvnvyvhąnusvyēt os | I am just about to tie it |
| wvnvyvhąnusetskēt os | you are just about to tie it |
| wvnvyvhąnusēt os | he/she is just about to tie it |
| wvnvyvhąnuseyēt os | we are just about to tie it |
| wvnvyvhąnusatskēt os | you (pl.) are just about to tie it |
| wvnvyvkvhąnusēt os | they are just about to tie it |
15.4 Inference
| wvnayvcoks | he/she is tying it (unseen) |
| wvnvyekacoks | he/she is not tying it (unseen) |
16 Chained forms
16.1 Same-subject
| wvnahyit | I tied it and then (did something) |
| wvnahyetsket | you tied it and then (did something) |
| wvnahyet | he/she tied it and then (did something) |
| wvnahyēt | we tied it and then (did something) |
| wvnahyatsket | you (pl.) tied it and then (did something) |
| wvnvyahket | they tied it and then (did something) |
16.2 Different-subject
| wvnahyin | I tied it and then (someone else did something) |
| wvnahyetsken | you tied it and then (someone else did something) |
| wvnahyen | he/she tied it and then (someone else did something) |
| wvnahyēn | we tied it and then (someone else did something) |
| wvnahyatsken | you (pl.) tied it and then (someone else did something) |
| wvnvyahken | they tied it and then (someone else did something) |
17 Adverbial clause forms
17.1 ‘if’
| wvnayin omat | if I tie it |
| wvnayetsken omat | if you tie it |
| wvnayen omat | if he/she ties it |
| wvnayēn omat | if we tie it |
| wvnayatsken omat | if you (pl.) tie it |
| wvnvyaken omat | if they tie it |
17.2 ‘when’
| wvnayvyof | when I tie it |
| wvnayetskof | when you tie it |
| wvnayof | when he/she ties it |
| wvnayeyof | when we tie it |
| wvnayatskof | when you (pl.) tie it |
| wvnvyakof | when they tie it |
17.3 ‘after’
| wvnahyvyof | after I tie it / after I tied it |
| wvnahyetskof | after you tie it |
| wvnahyof | after he/she ties it |
| wvnahyeyof | after we tie it |
| wvnahyatskof | after you (pl.) tie it |
17.4 ‘before’
| wvnvyvko monken | before I tie it |
| wvnvyetskeko monken | before you tie it |
| wvnvyeko monken | before he/she ties it |
| wvnvyēko monken | before we tie it |
| wvnvyatskeko monken | before you (pl.) tie it |
| wvnvyvkeko monken | before they tie it |
17.5 ‘so, because’
| wvnayikv | I’m tying it, so . . . |
| wvnayetskekv | you’re tying it, so . . . |
| wvnayekv | he/she is tying it, so . . . |
| wvnayēkv | we are tying it, so . . . |
| wvnayatskekv | you (pl.) are tying it, so . . . |
| wvnvyakekv | they are tying it, so . . . |
17.6 ‘even though’
| wvnayvyisen | even though I tie it |
| wvnayetskisen | even though you tie it |
| wvnayisen | even though he/she ties it |
| wvnayeyisen | even though we tie it |
| wvnayatskisen | even though you (pl.) tie it |
| wvnvyakisen | even though they tie it |
18 Definite modifying forms (‘the one that’)
| (nake) wvnayvyat(e) | (the thing) that I’m tying |
| (nake) wvnayetskat(e) | (the thing) that you are tying |
| (nake) wvnayat(e) | (the thing) that he/she is tying |
| (nake) wvnayeyat(e) | (the thing) that we are tying |
| (nake) wvnvyakat(e) | (the thing) that they are tying |
