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Chapter 2

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Westrick, P. A., Marini, J. P., Shmueli, D., Young, L., Shaw, E. J., & Ng, H. (2020). Validity of SAT® for Predicting First-Semester, Domain-Specific Grades. College Board.

Chapter 3

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Nagata, J. M., Cortez, C. A., Cattle, C. J., Ganson, K. T., Iyer, P., Bibbins-Domingo, K., & Baker, F. C. (2022). Screen time use among US adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study. JAMA Pediatrics, 176(1), 94-96. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.4334

Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Piaget, J. (1931). Children’s philosophies. In C. Murchison (Ed.), A handbook of child psychology (pp. 377–391). Clark University Press. https://doi.org/10.1037/13524-011

Rogoff, B., Mistry, J., Göncü, A., & Mosier, C. (1993). Guided participation in cultural activity by toddlers and caregivers. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 58(8), v–vi, 1–174. https://doi.org/10.2307/1166109

Tolman, E. C. (1938). The determiners of behavior at a choice point. Psychological Review, 45(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0062733

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Chapter 4

Chen, D., Wu, H., Wang, X., Huang, T., & Jia, J. (2022). Shared genetic basis and causal relationship between television watching, breakfast skipping and type 2 diabetes: evidence from a comprehensive genetic analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 836023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.836023

Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity youth and crisis (No. 7). WW Norton & company.

Gottlieb, G. (2003). On making behavioral genetics truly developmental. Human Development, 46(6), 337-355. https://doi.org/10.1159/000073306

Hatemi, P. K., & McDermott, R. (2012). The genetics of politics: Discovery, challenges, and progress. Trends in Genetics, 28(10), 525-533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2012.07.004

Jerskey, B. A., Panizzon, M. S., Jacobson, K. C., Neale, M. C., Grant, M. D., Schultz, M., … & Lyons, M. J. (2010). Marriage and divorce: A genetic perspective. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(5), 473-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.007

Pison, G., & D’Addato, A. V. (2006). Frequency of twin births in developed countries. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 9(2), 250–259. https://doi.org/10.1375/twin.9.2.250
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Chapter 5

Audu, L. I., Otuneye, A. T., Mairami, A. B., Mukhtar-Yola, M., Mshelia, L. J., & Ekhaguere, O. A. (2020). Gestational age-related neonatal survival at a tertiary health institution in Nigeria: the age of fetal viability dilemma. Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics, 47(2), 61-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njp.v47i2.2

Bellieni, C. V. (2019, August). New insights into fetal pain. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 24(4), 101001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2019.04.001

Brazelton, T. B., & Nugent, J. K. (1995). Neonatal behavioral assessment scale (No. 137). Cambridge University Press.

Cerveny, L., Murthi, P., & Staud, F. (2021). HIV in pregnancy: Mother-to-child transmission, pharmacotherapy, and toxicity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 1867(10), 166206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166206

Chen, Y. J., Yu, W. H., Chen, L. W., Huang, C. C., Kang, L., Lin, H. S., … & Lin, Y. C. (2021). Improved survival of periviable infants after alteration of the threshold of viability by the neonatal resuscitation program 2015. Children, 8(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8010023

de Oliveira Melo, A. S., Aguiar, R. S., Amorim, M. M. R., Arruda, M. B., de Oliveira Melo, F., Ribeiro, S. T. C., … & Tanuri, A. (2016). Congenital Zika virus infection: beyond neonatal microcephaly. JAMA neurology, 73(12), 1407-1416. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.3720

Duncan, G. J., Lee, K. T., Rosales-Rueda, M., & Kalil, A. (2018). Maternal age and child development. Demography, 55, 2229-2255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-018-0730-3

Fontenot, H. B., & George, E. R. (2014). Sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy. Nursing for Women’s Health, 18(1), 67-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-486X.12095

Frederiksen, L. E., Ernst, A., Brix, N., Lauridsen, L. L. B., Roos, L., Ramlau-Hansen, C. H., & Ekelund, C. K. (2018). Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes at advanced maternal age. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 131(3), 457-463. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002504

Gerede, A., Stavros, S., Chatzakis, C., Vavoulidis, E., Papasozomenou, P., Domali, E., … & Nikolettos, N. (2024). Cannabis Use during Pregnancy: An Update. Medicina, 60(10), 1691. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60101691

Govender, V., Moodley, D., Naidoo, M., Connoly, C., Ngcapu, S., & Abdool Karim, Q. (2024). Sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 166, 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.15529

Grossman, D., & Slusky, D. J. (2017). The effect of an increase in lead in the water system on fertility and birth outcomes: The case of Flint, Michigan. Economics Faculty Working Paper Series. Retrieved from: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/econ_working-papers/240/

Grundy, E., & Tomassini, C. (2005). Fertility history and health in later life: a record linkage study in England and Wales. Social Science & Medicine, 61(1), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.046

Grünebaum, A., Bornstein, E., McLeod-Sordjan, R., Lewis, T., Wasden, S., Combs, A., Katz, A., Klein, R., Warman, A., Black, A., & Chervenak, F. A. (2023). The impact of birth settings on pregnancy outcomes in the United States. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 228(5), S965-S976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2022.08.011

Guo, J., Liu, K., Yang, J., & Su, Y. (2023). Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and neonatal health outcomes: A systematic review. Environmental Pollution, 122295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122295

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Languluri, R. (2017). HIV infection: Transmission from mother to infant. Journal of Basic Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1(4), 9-13.

MacDorman, M. F., & Declercq, E. (2016). Trends and characteristics of United States out‐of‐hospital births 2004–2014: new information on risk status and access to care. Birth, 43(2), 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12228

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Rehan, V. K., Sakurai, R., & Torday, J. S. (2011). Thirdhand smoke: a new dimension to the effects of cigarette smoke on the developing lung. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 301(1), L1-L8. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00393.2010

Seton, C., & Fitzgerald, D. A. (2021). Chronic sleep deprivation in teenagers: Practical ways to help. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 40, 73-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2021.05.001

Tarokh, L., Short, M., Crowley, S. J., Fontanellaz-Castiglione, C. E. G., & Carskadon, M. A. (2019). Sleep and circadian rhythms in Adolescence. Current Sleep Medicine Reports 5, 181–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40675-019-00155-w

Vedam, S., Stoll, K., MacDorman, M., Declercq, E., Cramer, R., Cheyney, M., … & Kennedy, H. P. (2018). Mapping integration of midwives across the United States: impact on access, equity, and outcomes. PloS one, 13(2), e0192523. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192523

Wheaton, A. G., Ferro, G. A., & Croft, J. B. (2015). School start times for middle school and high school students—United States, 2011–12 school year. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(30), 809. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6430a1.htm

Wu, Y., Kataria, Y., Wang, Z., Ming, W. K., & Ellervik, C. (2019). Factors associated with successful vaginal birth after a cesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2517-y

Zhang, H., Grant, B. F., Hodgkinson, C. A., Ruan, W. J., Kerridge, B. T., Huang, B., Saha, T. D., Fan, A. Z., Wilson, V., Jung, J. Parsian, A., Goldman, D. & Chou, S. P. (2022). Strong and weak cross-inheritance of substance use disorders in a nationally representative sample. Molecular Psychiatry, 27(3), 1742-1753. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01370-0

Zhang, C., Yan, L., & Qiao, J. (2022). Effect of advanced parental age on pregnancy outcome and offspring health. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 39(9), 1969-1986. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-022-02533-w

Zielinski, R., Ackerson, K., & Kane Low, L. (2015). Planned home birth: Benefits, risks, and opportunities. International Journal of Women’s Health, 7, 361–377. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S55561

Chapter 6

Abma, J. C., & Martinez, G. (2023). Teenagers in the United States: Sexual activity, contraceptive use, and childbearing, 2015-2019. Retrieved from https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/134957

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Betancourt, L. M., Avants, B., Farah, M. J., Brodsky, N. L., Wu, J., Ashtari, M., & Hurt, H. (2016). Effect of socioeconomic status (SES) disparity on neural development in female African‐American infants at age 1 month. Developmental Science, 19(6), 947-956. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12344

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024, April). Childhood Obesity Facts. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood-obesity-facts/childhood-obesity-facts.html#:~:text=Expand%20All-,Age,Family%20income

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024, September). Data and Statistics for SUID and SIDS. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/sudden-infant-death/data-research/data/index.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Sleep in Middle and High School Students. Retrieved from: https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/healthyschools/features/students-sleep.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025). What to expect while breastfeeding. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/what-to-expect-while-breastfeeding.html#:~:text=At%20birth%2C%20your%20breasts%20will,firm%2C%20warm%2C%20and%20uncomfortable.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data Summary & Trends Report: 2013–2023. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/yrbs/dstr/index.html

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Farah, M. J. (2017). The neuroscience of socioeconomic status: Correlates, causes, and consequences. Neuron, 96(1), 56-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.08.034

Farah, M. J. (2018). Socioeconomic status and the brain: prospects for neuroscience-informed policy. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 19(7), 428-438.

Fu, M., & Zuo, Y. (2011). Experience-dependent structural plasticity in the cortex. Trends in Neurosciences, 34(4), 177-187.

Galler, J. R., Bringas-Vega, M. L., Tang, Q., Rabinowitz, A. G., Musa, K. I., Chai, W. J., Omar, H., Rahman, M. R. A., Hamid, A. I. A., Abdullah, J. M., & Valdés-Sosa, P. A. (2021). Neurodevelopmental effects of childhood malnutrition: A neuroimaging perspective. Neuroimage, 231, 117828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117828

Dayan, E., & Cohen, L. G. (2011). Neuroplasticity subserving motor skill learning. Neuron, 72(3), 443-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.008

Graber, J. A. (2013). Pubertal timing and the development of psychopathology in adolescence and beyond. Hormones and Behavior, 64(2), 262-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.04.003

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Hartley, C. A., & Somerville, L. H. (2015). The neuroscience of adolescent decision-making. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 5, 108-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.09.004

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Chapter 12

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PACER National Bullying Prevention Center. (2018). Why do we use “target” vs. “victim” and “child who bullies” vs. “bully.” https://www.pacer.org/bullying/info/questions-answered/target-vs-victim.asp

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Ye, Z., Wu, D., He, X., Ma, Q., Peng, J., Mao, G., Feng, L., & Tong, Y. (2023). Meta-analysis of the relationship between bullying and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 215. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04681-4

Chapter 13

Abuhatoum, S., & Howe, N. (2013). Power in sibling conflict during early and middle childhood. Social Development, 22(4), 738-754. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12021

Anderson, L. R., Hemez, P. F., & Kreider, R. M. (2022). Living arrangements of children: 2019. Household Economic Studies, P70-174. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2022/demo/p70-174.html

Aquilino, W. S. (2006). Family relationships and support systems in emerging adulthood. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 193–217). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11381-008